Segmentation Fault

Abstract

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• Also known as Segmentation Violation
• Represented with SIGSEGV
• A common Runtime Error that occurs when a Process (进程) wants access Virtual Memory that it isn’t permitted to. So the Kernel will terminate the process due to safety reasons
• Can be handled with Null Safety

Common Causes

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Indexing an Array beyond its boundary

#include <iostream>
 
int main() {
	int xs[10];
	int x = xs[100000];
 
	return 0;
}

Dereferencing Null Pointer

#include <iostream>
 
int main() {
	int *x = nullptr;
	*x = 900; // Dereferencing 
	return 0;
}

Ways to Handle

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• Use Rust, Rust checks the index with the the range the program can access, if out of range, exit immediately with helpful error message instead of continuing and cause Segmentation Fault