File System Hierarchy

Abstract

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• Also known as Directory Hierarchy
• Logical tree-like structure in which the File System organizes its File and directories

Pathname

• Specify the location of File in the File System Hierarchy

Root Directory

• The top of the File System Hierarchy

File Directory

• A way of grouping File together

Important

In Unix-like systems, file directory itself is also a type of file! The size of the file directory is decided by the files and directories inside it. For APFS, each file or directory will add $32$ Byte to its parent directory. That is why empty files take up $0$ byte, all the metadata of the empty files is stored with its parent directory.

However, be careful with directory, all newly created directory has 2 child directories, . is to the current directory and .. is to the parent directory. Thus, in APFS, all newly created directory has a size of $32\ast 2=64$ bytes!

Handy tips to create File Directory

mkdir -p

• Tells the mkdir command to create parent directories as needed
• If you omit this option and the parent directory doesn’t exist, you’ll get an error

mkdir -m

• Used to set the mode (permissions) for the newly created directory
• mkdir -pm 0755 /etc/vault.d

Linux File System Hierarchy

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• Linux File System Hierarchy Explained - Bytebytego

/etc/profile.d

• Used for storing shell script files that are automatically sourced when a User logs into the system
• These scripts are used to set environment variables, customize the shell’s behavior, and configure user-specific settings globally for all users

/src

• The name “srv” stands for “service”
• Typically used to store data that is served by the system
• Often used to store data related to various services running on the system, such as websites, FTP servers, and other network services

/dev

• Store all the Special File

Command Line Tools

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eza

• A modern, maintained replacement for ls

brew install eza
echo "alias ls='eza --icons'" >>~/.zshrc
echo "alias ll='eza -lhig --git --icons -a'" >>~/.zshrc
echo "alias tree='eza --tree --icons'" >>~/.zshrc

zoxide

• A smarter cd command. Supports all major shells.

brew install zoxide
brew install fzf
# Append to .zshrc
# eval "$(zoxide init zsh --hook prompt)" 
# alias cd='z'

joshuto

• ranger-like terminal file manager written in Rust
• Config Instructions, Image Preview

brew install joshuto
# Alias to have joshuto to exit in the current directory it is in
alias joshuto='joshuto --change-directory --output-file $HOME/.joshutoExit; LASTDIR=`bat $HOME/.joshutoExit`; cd "$LASTDIR"'